Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]
and [D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer
on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets
with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times _________ 1979.
[A]from [B]after [C]for [D]since
The sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times
since 1979." Therefore, you should choose [D].
Sample Answer
[A][B][C][■]
1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _________ my head
in my hands for a cry.
[A]bury [B]am burying [C]buried [D]would bury
2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture
of the port _________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
[A]to announce [B]announced [C]announcing [D]was announced
3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent,
so one _________ wait instead of searching for it.
[A]would rather [B]had to [C]cannot but [D]had best
4.She felt suitably humble just as she _________ when he had first taken
a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.
[A]had [B]had had [C]would have and [D]has had
5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party
despite _________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
[A] being resigned [B]having resigned
[C]going to resign [D]resign
6.So involved with their computers _________ that leaders at summer computer
camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[A]became the children [B]become the children
[C]had the children become [D]do the children become
7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _________
an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
[A]everything except [B]anything but
[C]no less than [D]nothing more than
8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _________
this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning
in translation.
[A]By [B]In [C]For [D]With
9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening
and being talked to _________ it has all but lost the will and the skill
to speak for itself.
[A]as [B]which [C]that [D]what
10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________
they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
[A]be [B]being [C]were [D]are
Section B
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked
[A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark
your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in
the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _________ in the woods off the highway.
[A]vanished [B]scattered [C]abandoned [D]rejected
The sentence should read. "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned
in the woods off the highway." There fore, you should choose [C].
Sample Answer
[A][B][■][D]
11.He is too young to be able to _________ between right and wrong.
[A]discard [B]discern [C]disperse [D]disregard
12.It was no _________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time
of the robbery.
[A]coincidence [B]convention [C]certainty [D]complication
13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that
all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
[A]cautiously [B]dutifully [C]faithfully [D]skillfully
14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all
Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.
[A]critical about[B]indignant at [C]indifferent to[D]subject to
15.The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing
good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
[A]compelled [B]posed [C]pressed [D]tempted
16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems
it is faced with _________,
[A]for long [B]in and out [C]once for all [D]by nature
17.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may
result in _________ and lack of unity in style.
[A]conflict [B]confrontation[C]disturbance [D]disharmony
18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is
extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________.
[A]thrived [B]swelled [C]prospered [D]flourished
19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________
some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
[A]overturn [B]overtake [C]offset [D]oppress
20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium;
it is _________.
[A]firm [B]coMPAny [C]corporation [D]enterprise
21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately
recognizes it as _________.
[A]novel [B]remote [C]distant [D]foreign
22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison
disc I _________ at a garage sale.
[A]trifled with [B]scraped through[C]stumbled upon[D]thirsted for
23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so
well that the need for any common second language could _________.
[A]descend [B]decline [C]deteriorate [D]depress
24.Equipment not _________ official safety standards has all been removed
from the workshop.
[A]conforming to [B]consistent with
[C]predominant over [D]providing for
25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics in dollar
volume and perhaps surpass it in social iMPAct by 2020.
[A]contend [B]contest [C]rival [D]strive
26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish
an effective national government while preserving _________ for the states
and liberty for individuals.
[A]autonomy [B]dignity [C]monopoly [D]stabilit
27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _________
as microorganisms.
[A]precisely [B]instantly [C]initially [D]exclusively
28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _________,
particularly in Western Europe.
[A]obscure [B]obsolete [C]optional [D]overlapping
29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is
just _________ and needs proving.
[A]spontaneous [B]hypothetical [C]intuitive [D]empirical
30.The future of this coMPAny is _________: many of its talented employees
are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.
[A]at odds [B]in trouble [C]in vain [D]at stake
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices
marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets
with a pencil. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to
buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the
Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments
to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can
be given to a case 36 a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media
select committee. Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this
year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media
protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European
legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which
43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid
down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could
go to court to protect themselves and their families.
"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,"
he said.
Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences
in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling
their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might
be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.
31.[A]as to [B]for instance [C]in particular[D]such as
32.[A]tightening [B]intensifying [C]focusing [D]fastening
33.[A]sketch [B]rough [C]preliminary [D]draft
34.[A]illogical [B]illegal [C]improbable [D]improper
35.[A]publicity [B]penalty [C]popularity [D]peculiarity
36.[A]since [B]if [C]before [D]as
37.[A]sided [B]shared [C]complied [D]agreed
38.[A]present [B]offer [C]manifest [D]indicate
39.[A]Release [B]Publication [C]Printing [D]Exposure
40.[A]storm [B]rage [C]flare [D]flash
41.[A]translation [B]interpretation[C]exhibition [D]demonstration
42.[A]better than [B]other than [C]rather than [D]sooner than
43.[A]changes [B]makes [C]sets [D]turns
44.[A]binding [B]convincing [C]restraining [D]sustaining
45.[A]authorized [B]credited [C]entitled [D]qualified
46.[A]with [B]to [C]from [D]by
47.[A]iMPAct [B]incident [C]inference [D]issue
48.[A]stated [B]remarked [C]said [D]told
49.[A]what [B]when [C]which [D]that
50.[A]assure [B]confide [C]ensure [D]guarantee
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question
there are four answers marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Read the passages carefully
and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer
on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets
with a pencil.(40 points)
Passage 1
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing
accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter
into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and
use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only
one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process
of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific
activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs
in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word
'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully
integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully
share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century,
with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied
greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally
most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical
or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development
of geology in the United Kingdom.
A coMPArison of British geological publications over the last century
and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of
research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable
research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies
represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth
century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals
only if they incorporatel, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.
Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in
the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional
geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced
by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals
in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals
in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development,
separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional
or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has
led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or
two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain
in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already
well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full
consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science
generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial
period for this change in the structure of science.
51.The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly
seen in sciences such as _________.
[A]sociology and chemistry
[B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology and psychology
[D]physics and chemistry
52.We can infer from the passage that _________.
[A] there is little distinction between specialization and
professionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _________.
[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation
[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C]the change of policies in scientific publications
[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54.The direct reason for specialization is _________.
[A]the development in communication
[B]the growth of professionalisation
[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge
[D]the splitting up of academic societies
Passage 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital
divide-the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the
info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about
this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however,
were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There
are reasons to be optimistic.
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.
As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest
of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online,
the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid
their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within
the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be
netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow
rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because
the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for coMBAting world poverty
that we've ever had.
Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty.
And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have
to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign
investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion
of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the
basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When
the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have
the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including
roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.
The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's
former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess
who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true
in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign
capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which
today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to
be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign
corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important
they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed
to take full advantage of the Internet.
55.Digital divide is something _________.
[A]getting worse because of the Internet
[B]the rich countries are responsible for
[C]the world must guard against
[D]considered positive today
56.Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.
[A]offers economic potentials
[B]can bring foreign funds
[C]can soon wipe out world poverty
[D]connects people all over the world
57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy
of _________.
[A]providing financial support overseas
[B]preventing foreign capital's control
[C]building industrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
58.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on _________.
[A]how well developed it is electronically
[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations
Passage 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?
The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful
question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as
the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings
about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with
lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers
really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see
the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they
plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story
line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made
narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and
their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates"
of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires
were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country,
plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities
were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that coMPAred with other Americans, journalists are more
likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and
trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work,
or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,
so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.
The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy
or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between
reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining
one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes
vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a
credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and
fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing
the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining
about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused
narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly
by outlook, values, education, and class.
59.What is the passage mainly about?
[A]needs of the readers all over the world
[B]causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[C]origins of the declining newspaper industry
[D]aims of a journalism credibility project
60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to
be .
[A]quite trustworthy
[B]somewhat contradictory
[C]very illuminating
[D]rather superficial
61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies
in
their _________.
[A]working attitude
[B]conventional lifestyle
[C]world outlook
[D]educational background
62.Despite its efforts, he newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the
readers owing to its _________.
[A]failure to realize its real problem
[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters
[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender
Passage 4
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions
ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe
and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these
countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave
of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive
force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international
trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International
affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies
that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance,
after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost
70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon
has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,
of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave
are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation
and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged
markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's
demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity
grows, the world's wealth increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.
Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could
re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century
ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers
of telecom coMPAnies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices
for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the
contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too,
concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and
Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry.
Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort
with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift
production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about
infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself
the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many
other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?
63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?
[A]to take in more foreign funds
[B]to invest more abroad
[C]to combine and become bigger
[D]to trade with more countries
64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave
is _________.
[A]the greater customer demands
[B]a surplus supply for the market
[C]a growing productivity
[D]the increase of the world's wealth
65.From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.
[A]the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[B]WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[C]the costs of the globalization process are enormous
[D]the Stanard Oil trust might have threatened competition
66.Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to
be _________.
[A]optimistic
[B]objective
[C]pessimistic
[D]biased
Passage 5
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me
that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move
that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to
abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a
disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted
to spend more time with my family".
Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment
in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired
excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate
advocate of the philosophy of "having it all",preached by Linda
Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman
who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation
from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning
the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative
move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards
than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to
return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12
hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics
and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic
lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America
as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area
of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling
downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives;
there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds
of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their
cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for
those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after
the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still
linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class
down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking
to simplify our lives.
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through
the'80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical
good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into
one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend.
[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[C]"A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.
[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68.The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________.
[A]enables her to realize her dream
[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status
[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of [WTBX]she magazine
69."Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized
by _________.
[A]non-materialistic lifestyle
[B]a bit of everything
[C]extreme stress
[D]anti-consumerism
70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result
of _________.
[A]the quick pace of modern life
[B]man's adventurous spirit
[C]man's search for mythical experiences
[D]the economic situation
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined
sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER
SHEET 2.(15 points)
In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.
Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also
create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like
those in the film Total Recall.
71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with
pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children
will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built
personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation
will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.
According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments
scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of
1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress
in all areas of life.
73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around
the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives
the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and
discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in
medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial
organs coming into use between now and 2040.
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. "By
linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we
feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop
full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or
the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out,
is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning
of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully
electronic human before the end of the next century."
Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs
that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when
faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will
be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect
social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood
surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while
the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able
to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home
appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them
will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
Part Ⅴ Writing
76.Directions:
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest,
but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write
an essay to the newspaper to
1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2) give a specific example, and
3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.
You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
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